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  ÀÌÇâ¿ì(2004-06-02 14:18:16, Hit : 4398, Vote : 363
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Àι®°è¿­ Á¤½Ã¸ðÁý

´ÙÀ½ Áö¹®µéÀº Çö´ë¹®¸íÀÌ ´ç¸éÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÁÖ¿ä ¹®Á¦¿Í ±× ÇØ°á ¹æ¾ÈÀ» ¸ð»öÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¦½ÃµÈ ±ÛµéÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ßÇظ¦ ³í¼úÇϽÿÀ.  
(°¡) A convergence of problems has lead to the "environmental crisis." These include the fact that there is no "new land" available for human exploitation. Human population has continued to grow unsustainably. The pace of technological change continues to disrupt the lives of hundreds of millions of people. Globalization continues to disrupt the economic security of billions of people. Global warming, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer and other effects of industrial civilization undermine the integrity of natural systems across the planet. In the face of such a crisis, radical environmentalists have argued that mild reforms in public policy and practices are basically useless. Deep changes in society require a paradigm shift from the dominant modern paradigm of industrial civilization to a "new environmental paradigm" or "new ecological paradigm."
¡ª Bill Devall, 'The Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement'

(³ª) Deep ecologists put a reign on human exploitation of natural "resources" except to satisfy vital needs. Thus, the use of a field by an African tribe to grow grain for survival is an example of a vital need whereas the conversion of a swamp to an exclusive golf course would not. Rest assured that much of the mining, harvesting, and development of our technological age would not meet the vital needs requirement of this principle. Rather than being concerned about how to raise automobile production, this ethic would be interested in solving the problem of human mobility in a way that would not require the disruption of highways, roads, and parking lots. It rebels against Peter Drucker's industrialist world view: "Before it is possessed and used, every plant is a weed and every mineral is just another rock."
¡ª Thomas Berry, 'The Viable Human'

ÁÖ) deep ecologists: ±Ùº» »ýÅÂÁÖÀÇÀÚ

(´Ù) ±Ù´ë ÀÌÈÄ ÁÖ·ù °æÁ¦Çп¡¼­´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀº ¹«ÇÑÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÀüÁ¦¸¦ ÇÏ°í, ±× ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ¿å¸ÁÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¸¹ÀÌ ÃæÁ·½Ãų ¼ö Àִ°¡¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¼Òºñ°¡ °æÁ¦È°µ¿ÀÇ ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀ̶ó°í ÀνÄÇÏ°í, »ý»ê¿ä¼ÒµéÀº ¼Òºñ¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¿å¸Á ÃæÁ·ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ¿ì¸®°¡ ºÒ±³Àû °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é °æÁ¦È°µ¿ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¼Òºñ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀûÁ¤ ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¼Òºñ·Î½á Àΰ£ »çȸÀÇ º¹Áö¸¦ ±Ø´ëÈ­ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿å¸ÁÀ» ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼±¿å°ú °¥¾Ö·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ¿© ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é °æÁ¦Çп¡¼­Ã³·³ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼Òºñ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¿å¸ÁÀ» ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°°í ÀÌ ¿å¸Á ÃæÁ·À» ÅëÇؼ­ ÇູÀÌ ¾ò¾îÁø´Ù°í º¸±â°¡ ¾î·Æ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¼ÒºñÀÇ Áõ´ë°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼Òºñ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ ¶Ç´Â °¥¾Ö¸¦ ÁÙÀ̰ųª ¾Æ¿¹ ¼Ò¸ê½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ Çູ(ÜØò³, well-being)À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ­ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ È¿¿ëü°è³ª °¡Ä¡Ã¼°è¸¦ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹°ÁúÀû ¼Òºñ¿¡¸¸ ÁÖ·Î ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦Çп¡¼­ÀÇ ¸ðÇüº¸´Ù´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ¹ßÀüµÇ°í Çö½Ç¿¡ °¡±î¿î ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ Àü°³¸¦ ±â´ëÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Á¦½Ã¹® (°¡), (³ª), (´Ù)¸¦ Àаí, À̸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î GMO(Genetically Modified Organism: À¯ÀüÀÚº¯Çü À¯±âü)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ßÇظ¦ ³í¼úÇϽÿÀ.  
(°¡) UNÀÇ ¿¹Ãø¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¼¼°è Àα¸´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿© 2070³â¿¡´Â 100¾ï¿¡ À̸¦ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ÇÑÆí, Àα¸Áõ°¡¿¡ µû¶ó ¼¼°èÀÇ ½Ä·®¼ö¿äµµ °è¼Ó Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿© ¿Ô´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö´Â ½Ä·®Áõ»êÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© °æÁö¸éÀûÀ» È®´ëÇÏ°í, È­Çкñ·á¿Í ³ó¾àÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸç, ÅëÀϺ­¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¼öÈ® Ç°Á¾À» Àç¹èÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý µîÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³óÁö¸éÀûÀº ÇÑÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÜ·ù³ó¾à µî¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾ÈÀü¼º ¹®Á¦·Î ÀÎÇØ È­Çкñ·á³ª ³ó¾à »ç¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½Ä·®Áõ»ê¿¡´Â ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ ½ÄÇ°±âÈ£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿å±¸µµ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿©, ½Ä·®ÀÚ¿øÀÇ Ç°Á¾°³·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á߿伺°ú Çʿ伺ÀÌ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ À°Á¾ÇÐÀÚµéÀº »õ·Î¿î Ç°Á¾À» È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °³¹ßÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© À¯ÀüÀÚ ÀçÁ¶ÇÕ ±â¼úÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. GMOÀÇ »ó¾÷È­´Â Àß ¹°·¯ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â Å丶Åä°¡ °³¹ßµÈ ÀÌÈÄ ºü¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¿¡ ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Äá ±×¸®°í º´ÃæÇØ¿¡ ³»¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¿Á¼ö¼ö°¡ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î »óÇ°È­µÇ¸é¼­ ÀϹÝÀε鵵 GMO¿¡ Å« °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¡ª¡¸½ÄÇ°ÀǾàÇ°¾ÈÀüû¡¹ÀÚ·á

(³ª) A severe food crisis threatens 13 million people in the six countries in the region - with Malawi and Zimbabwe the worst hit. The U.N. has appealed for a million tons of food, and traditionally half of the donation comes from America. "The one issue that has caused the most controversy, and frankly is causing us the most difficulty, is the issue of so-called GMO-affected foods," said Roger Winter, assistant administrator at the U.S. Agency for International Development. "What we are being asked in some cases to do is to certify that a shipment of maize is GMO-free and that we are not able to do," Winter told reporters as he wound up a tour of the region, which took him to Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. "Delay (on accepting GMOs) is deadly in this. If they delay long, people are going to die in their countries because there are going to be huge gaps in the (food) pipeline", he said.
¡ªReuters Daily World Environment News, July 29, 2002

ÁÖ) maize: ¿Á¼ö¼ö

(´Ù) Today the vast majority of foods in supermarkets contain genetically modified substances whose effects on our health are unknown. As a medical doctor, I can assure you that no one in the medical profession would attempt to perform experiments on human subjects without their consent. Such conduct is illegal and unethical. Yet manufacturers of genetically altered foods are exposing us to one of the largest uncontrolled experiments in modern history. In less than five years these companies have flooded the marketplace with thousands of untested and unlabeled products containing foreign genetic material. These genetically modified foods pose several very real dangers because they have been engineered to create novel proteins that retard spoilage, produce their own pesticides against insects, or allow plants to tolerate larger and larger doses of weed killers. Despite claims that these food products are based on "sound science," in truth, neither manufacturers nor the government has studied the effects of these genetically altered organisms or their new proteins on people--especially babies, the elderly, and the sick.
¡ª Chicago Tribune, September 3, 2000

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¡á ÀÚ¿¬°è¿­ ±³Â÷Áö¿ø ºÒ°¡ÇкΠ- ÀÌ°ú´ë, ÀǾà°è¿­

¾Æ·¡ÀÇ Áö¹®À» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ½Ä¹°Ã¼ÀÇ °³¹ß·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀåÁ¡µé°ú ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í, ÀÌ ¹®Á¦Á¡µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æ¾ÈÀ» Àΰ£ÀÇ °Ç°­ ¹× »ýÅÂÇÐÀû Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ³í¼úÇϽÿÀ.  
(°¡) The characteristics of an organism are determined by its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the information-containing component of the chromosome. DNA provides the genetic code which determines how the individual cells, and consequently the whole organism, will be constructed. This code is divided up into functional units, or genes, in the same way that a paragraph can be divided into individual words. The total characteristics of a plant will depend on which genes it has received from the parent plants, whether or not those genes are `switched on?(expressed) and also the interactions between the genes and environmental factors.
The advent of modern techniques of genetic modification has enabled researchers to remove individual genes from one species and insert them into another, without the need for sexual compatibility. Once the new gene has been inserted into a plant, offspring that will contain copies of the new gene can be produced in the traditional manner. For example, this has enabled researchers to insert a bacterial gene into a maize plant, to give it resistance to certain insect pests. Genetic modification has also made it possible to remove or switch off an undesirable gene already present in a particular variety, or modify the metabolism of the plant to improve the quality of the food product (for example, genetically modified tomatoes which remain fresh for longer periods).
¡ª A Report by `The Royal Society'
(³ª) Crosses between genetically modified oilseed rape and a wild relative produce hybrid plants that are as toxic to insects as the original crop. In lab experiments, scientists took oilseed rape that had been modified to contain the insect resistance gene and crossed it with a related wild weed. They made 11 crosses using different combinations of plant lines. Five of them produced stable hybrids containing the insect resistance gene. These expressed the insecticide produced by the gene at levels similar to the genetically modified parent and were highly toxic to insects. The finding will fuel fears that ?superweeds?containing foreign genes making them immune to insect attack might spread rapidly. But no one yet knows how much of an edge insect resistance would give the hybrids compared with their non-genetically modified relatives. Though it is still unclear how such hybrids would fare in the wild, the finding is likely to be seized on by environmentalists as proof that field trials of genetically modified crops are unsafe.
¡ª James Randerson, `Modified Crop Breeds Toxic Hybrid,' New Scientist, Nov. 2002

ÁÖ) oilseed rape: À¯Ã¤


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